Posts Tagged ‘Coldfront Essentials’

Essentials: H.D.’s “Trilogy”

Sunday, November 6th, 2011

Trilogy by H.D.

Oxford University Press 1944-46

“…little boxes, conditioned / to hatch butterflies.”

H.D.’s mytho-poetic epic Trilogy is an enactment of one woman’s quest for mystical verification of her own role as prophet and poet.  It is, as well, a radical revision of traditional spiritual imagery, which has been largely written, interpreted, and painted by men.  It is a poem that weaves worlds together, worlds as disparate as World War II London and pagan Egypt, the prophets of early Christianity and the Medieval troubadours of Languedoc, her own Moravian Church of Love and the Church of Love of Manichaeism, literal worlds and supersensory ones. H.D.’s process has been described by others as palimpsestic, a process of erasure, rejection and redefinition of images and sounds until words begin to yield not their initial accepted meaning but a new resonance: “they are anagrams, cryptograms, / little boxes, conditioned / to hatch butterflies.” It is a strategy based on a growing awareness of the authority of oneself as seer, in a world that will not grant that authority.  It is a battle with the forces which would undermine that quest, forces whose most formidable weapons are its forms of representation: “Our Lady of the Goldfinch,  / Our Lady of the Candelabra. // We see her hand in her lap / smoothing the apple-green // or the apple-russet silk; // we see her hand at her throat / fingering a talisman.”  Trilogy was written, literally, under siege; H.D. was living in one of the most heavily bombed areas of London during the Blitz. Although not published together until 1973, the three poems that comprise TrilogyThe Walls Do Not Fall (1944), Tribute to Angels (1945), and The Flowering of the Rod (1946)—were conceived as a sequence. (In fact, the entire poem is written in intensely crafted couplets—as she calls them,  ”broken hexameters”). The poem unfolds from the tiniest intuitions and prefigurations, through language, to deeper and deeper questioning: “so we must be drawn or we must fly / like the snow-geese of the Arctic Circle, / to the Carolina’s or to Florida / or like those migratory flocks / who still (they say) hover / over the lost island, Atlantis, / seeking what we once knew.”

–Melissa Kwasny

Find Trilogy here and here.

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Melissa Kwasny is the author of the acclaimed poetry collections The Nine Senses (Milkweed Editions 2011), Reading Novalis in Montana (Milkweed Editions, 2009), The Archival Birds (Bear Star Press, 2000), and Thistle (Lost Horse Press, 2006), which won the Idaho Prize in 2006. She is also the editor of Toward the Open Field: Poets on the Art of Poetry 1800–1950 (Wesleyan University Press, 2004). Widely published in journals, including Willow Springs, Threepenny Review, Ploughshares, Poetry Northwest, Bellingham Review, Crab Orchard Review, and River Styx, she was recently the Richard Hugo Visiting Poet at the University of Montana and a Visiting Writer at the University of Wyoming. Kwasny received the Poetry Society of America’s 2009 Cecil Hemley Award for a series of poems that appears in The Nine Senses. She lives in Jefferson City, Montana.


Essentials: Robert Hayden’s ‘A Ballad of Remembrance’

Thursday, September 29th, 2011

A Ballad of Remembrance by Robert Hayden

Paul Bremen London 1966

“…one farewell image / burns and fades and burns”

A Ballad of Remembrance is about power and corruption, religion and need, family and identity, racism and murder. The iconic “Those Winter Sundays” and similar poems provide a remote, mournful melancholy, exploring the poet’s complicated upbringing and “greatest discouragement.” But mostly, Hayden explores the human need to presume, to value, to maintain faith at the expense of human rights or even basic logic.

A dense and lyrical vocabulary abounds. In chiseled cinema, Hayden draws up the actions of bejewelled, remorseless preachers and kings. He displays the “outrageous flair” of a superstar false prophet with “hypnotic no-words planned (and never failing) / to enmesh his flock in theopathic tension” (“Witch Doctor”); the compliance of an emperor’s petrified foot soldier performing “useless errand[s]” and living life to “curse the moon and fear the rising of the sun”  (“The Wheel”); the horrific pride of an an aging Klansman regretful that he can’t participate in a lynching with his Boy, who has “earned him a bottle– / when he gets home” (“Night Death, Mississippi”). “Middle Passage,” one of the most severe poems of the 20th century, chronicles the bloody voyage of the slave ship Amsitad. The long poem births America’s most central contradictions (“voyage through death / to life upon these shores”) and might be the best thing of its kind ever written.

The title poem is a tribute to the influential poet and critic Mark Van Doren, a noted influence on Hayden, the Beat Generation poets, John Berryman and others; Van Doren “arrived, meditative, ironic, / richly human,” stealing the poet away from magic and “hoodoo.” The book concludes with an elegy for Frederick Douglass, who was “superb in love and logic” and worked for “a world / where none is lonely, none hunted, alien.” A Ballad of Remembrance is a book about how everyone is an alien in their own skin; it is a book of great sympathy, but also an uncompromising indictment of human ignorance.

–John Deming

Find A Ballad of Remembrance here and in The Collected Poems of Robert Hayden.

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John Deming, a poet and musician, has recently released Eight Poems (Eye For an Iris Press 2011) and Tugboat EP (BozFonk Moosick 2011). His poems have appeared or are forthcoming in Boston Review, FENCE, Verse Daily, POOL, The Best American Poetry Blog, Augury, Tarpaulin Sky and elsewhere. He lives in New York City and teaches at Baruch College and LIM College. He is Editor-in-Chief of Coldfront.


Essentials: Marianne Moore’s ‘Observations’

Monday, September 19th, 2011

Observations by Marianne Moore

The Dial Press 1925

“supertadpoles of expression”

Often undermining “plain American speech which cats and dogs can read,” Marianne Moore’s modernism is deeply complex and persistently beautiful, and Observations is possibly the best and definitely the least adulterated example of her exotic genius.  Moore’s American debut was also the first collection selected, edited and approved by Moore herself. It promptly received the Dial Award and subsequent acclaim.  Among the many truly great poems found in Observations is her mind-bending “An Octopus,” her early extended version of “Poetry,” and “Marriage,” a rumination on the subject that characteristically bounds from convolutedly prosaic (“This institution / perhaps one should say enterprise / out of respect for which / one says one need not change one’s mind / about a thing one has believed in”) to consonantal (“One must not call him ruffian / nor friction a calamity / the fight to be affectionate”) to humorously metrical (“He says, ‘What monarch would not blush / to have a wife / with hair like a shaving-brush’”).  Observations is a circus of a book, and Moore is its ringleader—sometimes smirking, sometimes serious, but somehow turning hippopotamuses, elephants, zebras, and octopuses into an important and inherent part of the American idiom, and despite H.D.’s early opinion of Moore as an anachronism, nearly every poem in Observations warrants mention, testifying to the unrelenting timeliness of Marianne Moore’s originality.

–PJ Gallo

Find Observations here and in Becoming Marianne Moore.

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PJ Gallo lives in Durham, North Carolina. His poems have recently appeared in Bat City Review, H_NGM_N, Independent Weekly, Roanoke Review and elsewhere. He is a co-editor of the weekly online poetry journal LEVELER.


Essentials: Wallace Stevens’s ‘The Auroras of Autumn’

Monday, August 15th, 2011

The Auroras of Autumn by Wallace Stevens

Alfred A. Knopf 1950

It’s hard to pinpoint one book by Wallace Stevens as his most outstanding, since across his oeuvre there are so many brilliantly complex, beautiful, and fascinating poems—which is why he is one of America’s very most important and influential poets. In his last full collection, The Auroras of Autumn, Stevens continues to address his two dominant subjects: the primacy of the imagination to human experience, and the complexity of our phenomenological relationship with the physical world. But in Auroras, which Stevens published five years before his death, the poems also address head-on the issue of mortality—especially difficult for a poet who asserts that “[t]he search / For reality is as momentous as / the search for god,” “who has fought / Against illusion” in a world where “images are all we have.” Ultimately, The Auroras of Autumn is a sustained, meditative elegy for the individual’s interior life—the reality posited by the imagination in response to a world that for us exists only through the filter of subjectivity. In such poems as “This Solitude of Cataracts,” “The Owl in the Sarcophagus,” “The Bouquet,” “An Ordinary Evening in New Haven,” and the title poem, among others, we find Stevens’s “form gulping after formlessness” at its barest and most moving.

–Wayne Miller

Find The Auroras of Autumn here and in The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens.

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Wayne Miller is the author of three full-length poetry collections, most recently The City, Our City (Milkweed, 2011) and The Book of Props (2009). He also translated Moikom Zeqo’s I Don’t Believe in Ghosts (BOA, 2007) and co-edited both New European Poets (Graywolf, 2008) and Tamura Ryuichi: On the Life & Work of a 20th Century Master (Pleiades Press, 2011). The recipient of six Poetry Society of America awards, the Bess Hokin Prize, and a Ruth Lilly Fellowship, he lives in Kansas City and teaches at the University of Central Missouri, where he edits Pleiades.


Essentials: Lorine Niedecker’s ‘North Central’

Monday, August 8th, 2011

North Central by Lorine Niedecker

Fulcrum Press 1968

North Central, published in 1968, is Niedecker’s meditation on humankind’s place in the midst of infinite Nature and eternally cycling History. She summarizes this predicament in the line: “Man / lives hard / on this stone perch / by sea / imagines / durable works,” which is followed closely by: “let’s say / of art / We climb.” Is art, then, the epitome of that “durable work” we struggle to create? Is it man’s only answer, or his only productive and positive answer, to being powerful yet ultimately undone by a world that survives each individual’s existence?

The contrast Niedecker strikes between the natural world and the manmade, highly industrialized world of pollution and war would seem to answer those questions affirmatively. In “Wintergreen Ridge,” as the speaker passes from pastoral to urban landscape, we leave “the simple / the perfect / order / of that flower” for monstrosities of human construction, action, and design, a world “So far out of flowers / human parts found / wrapped in newspaper / left at the church / near College Avenue.” And also, “the war / which ‘cannot be stopped.’” One thing remains in the poem’s last lines: “Old sunflower / you bowed / to no one.” But Niedecker does not present a straightforward dichotomy between Nature and Man; instead, she reveals how the mutable but resilient land is an integral part of us, our collective existence, deny it though we have, particularly in the last two hundred years. In the section “Lake Superior,” for instance, she reminds us that “In every part of every living thing / is stuff that once was rock / In blood the minerals / of the rock.” In the same way, she addresses mankind’s origins and early formation as something always present and living in us, rather than as a closed chapter, long-lost and forgotten in the chaotic contemporary world.

Rather than seeing a cataclysmic end derived from our severance from Nature, she heralds our place in the natural cycle she reveres and so beautifully articulates. “We are what the seas / have made us,” she reminds her reader, and in this collection she plumbs that original vein again and again, using nature not as a decorative gesture, but as an essential component of art and existence that produces “best work” – as her own North Central attests.

–Laura Sims

Find North Central here and in Niedecker’s Collected Works.

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Laura Sims is the author of three books of poems: My god is this a man (forthcoming, Fence Books, 2013), Stranger (Fence Books, 2009), and Practice, Restraint, (winner of the 2005 Fence Books Alberta Prize). She is a co-editor of Instance Press with Elizabeth Robinson and Beth Anderson, and has written book reviews and critical essays for New England Review, Rain Taxi, Boston Review, and The Review of Contemporary Fiction. She lives in Brooklyn with her husband and son.